Тренировочные упражнения косвенная речь 9. Косвенная речь в английском языке: упражнения, примеры. Необходимые модификации в вопросительных и повелительных предложениях

Упражнение 1. Передайте следующие повествовательные предложения в косвенной речи.

1. Не said: "I have just received a letter from my uncle." 2. "I am going to the theatre tonight," he said to me. 3. Mike said: "I spoke to Mr. Brown this morning."
4. He said to her: "I shall do it today if I have time." 5. I said to them: "I can give you my uncle"s address." 6. Oleg said: "My room is on the second floor." 7. He said: "I am sure she will ring me up when she is back in St. Petersburg." 8. Misha said: "I saw them at my parents" house last year." 9. He said: "I haven"t seen my cousin today." 10. "I don"t go to this shop very often," she said. 11. Tom said: "I have already had breakfast, so I am not hungry."

Упражнение 2.

1. "This man spoke to me on the road," said the woman. 2. "I can"t explain this rule to you," said my classmate to me. 3. The teacher said to the class: "We shall discuss this subject tomorrow." 4. The woman said to her son: "I am glad I am here." 5. Mike said: "We have bought these books today." 6. She said to me: "Now I can read your translation." 7. Our teacher said: "Thackeray"s novels are very interesting." 8. She said: "You will read this book in the 9th form." 9. Nellie said: "I read "Jane Eyre" last year." 10. "My friend lives in Moscow," said Alec. 11. "You have not done your work well," said the teacher to me. 12. The poor man said to the rich man: "My horse is wild. It can kill your horse." 13. The rich man said to the judge: "This man"s horse has killed my horse."

Упражнение 3 . Передайте следующие повествовательные предложения в косвенной речи.

1. The mother said: "The children are in the nursery, doctor." 2. "I have no time for lunch today," said the boy to his mother. 3. "You speak English very well," said the woman to me. 4. My brother said to me: "I am going to become a doctor." 5. My uncle said to us: "I buy several newspapers every day." 6. The teacher said to the pupils: "Next year we shall have six hours of English a week." 7. He said to me: "I want to see you today." 8. She said: "I am free tonight". 9. Mother said to me: "I feel bad today." 10. The pupil said to the teacher: "I can do my homework after dinner." 11. The teacher said to Jack: "You work hard, I know. You are a good boy." 12. The old man said to the girl: "You can sing perfectly. I think you will be a famous singer." 13. My sister said to me: "You look very well, much better than you looked yesterday. I think you have recovered after your illness." 14. "You are an excellent cook. Everything is so tasty," said my guest to me. 15. The student said: "I can"t answer this question. I don"t understand it."

Упражнение 4. Передайте следующие повествовательные предложения в косвенной речи.

1. Не said to me: "They are staying at the Grand Europe Hotel." 2. He said: "They are leaving next Monday." 3. The clerk said to them: "You can leave the key with the maid upstairs." 4. Masha said: "I usually spend my holidays in the south." 5. She said: "I spent my holidays in the Crimea last year." 6. Boris said: "I go to the south every year." 7. He said: "I am going to a health resort tomorrow." 8. Ann said to us: "They haven"t yet come." 9. She said to us: "They arrived in St. Petersburg yesterday." 10. I said: "I was in London last year. My friends in London sometimes invite me to spend my holidays with them." 11. Nick said: "I have never been to London. I think I shall go there next year." 12. He said: "I shall not stay with my friends too long."

Упражнение 5 . Передайте следующие повествовательные предложения в косвенной речи.

1. I shall come as soon as I am ready. 2. You will know that I have gone to the concert if I am not at home by eight. 3. I shall come to the Philharmonic with you if you get tickets. 4. Five years ago there were no people living here at all. 5. I shall go skiing on Sunday if I have time. 6. They finished building this house only last week. 7. It will be so pleasant when Tom comes home. 8. I shall do it now if you like. 9. My brother was here today. 10. It"s a pity you didn"t come earlier. 11. There will be an interesting lecture at the school assembly hall tomorrow. One of our teachers will speak about Charles Dickens. 12. Last year I spent my summer vacation in the Caucasus. 13. I came to live in this town several years ago. 14. I"ll be reading you a story until it is time to go to bed. 15. I have read all about it in today"s newspaper.

Упражнение6. Передайте следующие повествовательные предложения в косвенной речи.

1. "When your turn comes, listen very carefully to what the doctor tells you," I said to my grandmother. 2. "If you are in a hurry, we shall make only the first experiment," said the laboratory assistant to me. 3. "I shan"t start anything new until I have finished this novel," said the writer to the correspondent. 4. "When I get a job, I"ll buy you a warm coat," said the boy"s father. 5. "If you spill the milk, there won"t be any for the cat," said my mother to me. 6. "When you come to see me on Sunday, I shall show you my new dress," she said to me. 7. "If Mary arrives before seven, bring her to our house for the evening," said Jane to Henry. 8. "Don"t wait until I come. As soon as you finish the exercises, begin playing volleyball," said the PT teacher to the pupils. 9. "As soon as Robert appears, ask him where he put the dictionary," said Mary to her mother.

Упражнение 7. Восстановите прямую речь в следующих предложениях.

1. Tom said he would go to see the doctor the next day. 2. He told me he was ill. 3. He told me he had fallen ill. 4. They told me that Tom had not come to school the day before. 5. I told my sister that she might catch cold. 6. She told me she had caught cold. 7. He said that while crossing the English Channel they had stayed on deck all the time. 8. The woman said she had felt sick while crossing the Channel. 9. She said she was feeling bad that day. 10. The old man told the doctor that he had pain in his right side. 11. Не said he had just been examined by a good doctor. 12. He said he would not come to school until Monday. 13. The man said he had spent a month at a health resort. 14. He said that his health had greatly improved since then.

Упражнение 8. Передайте следующие специальные вопросы в косвенной речи.

1. Mother said to me: "Who has brought this parcel?" 2. He said to her: "Where do you usually spend your summer holidays?" 3. Ann said to Mike: "When did you leave London?" 4. She said to Boris: "When will you be back home?" 5. Boris said to them: "How can I get to the railway station?" 6. Mary asked Tom: "What time will you come here tomorrow?" 7. She asked me: "Why didn"t you come here yesterday?" 8. She asked me: "What will you do tomorrow if you are not busy at your office?" 9. I said to Nick: "Where are you going?" 10. I said to him: "How long are you going to stay there?" 11. I said to him: "How long will it take you to get there?" 12. Pete said to his friends: "When are you leaving St. Petersburg?" 13. He said to them: "Who will you see before you leave here?" 14. They said to him: "What time does the train start?" 15. I asked Mike: "What will you do after dinner?" 16. I asked my uncle: "How long did you stay in the Crimea?" 17. Ada said to me: "Where did you see such trees?" 18. I said to Becky: "What kind of book has your friend brought you?"

Упражнение 9. Передайте следующие специальные вопросы в косвенной речи, начиная каждое предложение со слов, данных в скобках.

1. Where did I put the book? (I forgot...) 2. Who has given you this nice kitten? (She wanted to know...) 3. Where can I buy an English-Russian dictionary? (He asked me...) 4. How long will it take your brother to get to Madrid? (He wondered...) 5. Where is he going? (He didn"t tell anybody...) 6. Where has he gone? (Did you know...) 7. Where is he? (Did you know...) 8. When is he leaving school? (I wanted to know...) 9. Where does he live? (Nobody knew...) 10. When will he come back? (She asked them...) 11. Where did she buy this hat? (He wanted to know...) 12. How much did she pay for it? (I had no idea...)

Упражнение 10. Передайте следующие общие вопросы в косвенной речи.

1. I said to Mike: "Have you packed your suitcase?" 2. I said to Kate: "Did anybody meet you at the station?" 3. I said to her: "Can you give me their address?" 4. I asked Tom: "Have you had breakfast?" 5. I asked my sister: "Will you stay at home or go for a walk after dinner?" 6. I said to my mother: "Did anybody come to see me?" 7. I asked my sister: "Will Nick call for you on the way to school?" 8. She said to the young man: "Can you call a taxi for me?" 9. Mary said to Peter: "Have you shown your photo to Dick?" 10. Oleg said to me: "Will you come here tomorrow?" 11. He said to us: "Did you go to the museum this morning?" 12. I said to Boris: "Does your friend live in London?" 13. I said to the man: "Are you living in a hotel?" 14. Nick said to his friend: "Will you stay at the "Hilton"?" 15. He said to me: "Do you often go to see your friends?" 16. He said to me "Will you see your friends before you leave St. Petersburg?" 17. Mike said to Jane: "Will you come to the railway station to see me off?" 18. She said to me: "Have you sent them a telegram?" 19. She said to me: "Did you send them a telegram yesterday?"

Ключи к упражнениям

1. Упражнение 1.

1. 1.He said that he had just received a letter from his uncle. 2. He told me that he was going to the theatre that night. 3. Mike said that he had spoken to Mr. Brown that morning. 4. He told her that he would do it that day if he had time. 5. I told them that I could give them my uncle"s address. 6. Oleg said that his room was on the second floor. 7. He said that he was sure she would ring him up when she was back in St. Petersburg. 8. Misha said that he had seen them at his parents" house the year before. 9. He said that he had not seen his cousin that day. 10. She said that she did not go to that shop very often. 11. Tom said that he had already had breakfast and so he was not hungry.

Упражнение 2

1. 1. The woman said that that man had spoken to her on the road. 2. My classmate told me that he could not explain that rule to me. 3. The teacher told the class that they would discuss that subject the next day. 4. The woman told her son that she was glad she was there. 5. Mike said that they had bought those books that day. 6. She told me that now she could read my translation. 7. Our teacher said that Thackeray"s novels were very interesting. 8. She said that we should read that book in the 9th form. 9. Nellie said that she had read "Jane Eyre" the year before. 10. Alec said that his friend lived in Moscow. 11. The teacher told me that I had not done my work well. 12. The poor man told the rich man that his horse was wild and that it could kill the rich man"s horse. 13. The rich man told the judge that the poor man"s horse had killed his horse.

Упражнение3

1. 1. The mother told the doctor that the children were in the nursery. 2. The boy told his mother that he had no time for lunch that day. 3. The woman told me that I spoke English very well. 4. My brother told me that he was going to become a doctor. 5. My uncle told us that he bought several newspapers every day. 6. The teacher told the pupils that the following year they would have six hours of English a week. 7. He told me that he wanted to see me that day. 8. She said that she was free that night. 9. Mother told me that she felt bad that day. 10. The pupil told the teacher that he could do his homework after dinner. 11. The teacher told Jack that she knew that he worked hard and added that he was a good boy. 12. The old man told the girl that she could sing perfectly and added that he thought that she would be a famous singer. 13. My sister told me that I looked very well, much better than I had looked the day before. She added that she thought I had recovered after my illness. 14. My guest told me that I was an excellent cook and added that everything was very tasty. 15. The student said that he could not answer that question because he did not understand it.

Упражнение 4

1. 1. Masha said that she usually spent her holidays in the south. 2. She said that she had spent her holidays in the Crimea the year before. 3. Boris said that he went to the south every year. 4. He said that he was going to a health resort the next day. 5. Ann told us that they hadn"t yet come. 6. She told us that they had arrived in St. Petersburg the day before. 7. I said that I had been in London the year before and added that my friends in London sometimes invited me to spend my holidays with them. 8. Nick said that he had never been to London and added that he thought he would go there the following year. 9. He said that he would not stay with his friends too long.

Упражнение 5

1. 1. My friend told me that he would come as soon as he was ready. 2. My sister said that we should know-that she had gone to the concert if she was not at home by eight. 3. My girlfriend said that she would come to the Philharmonic with me if I got tickets. 4. She told us that five years before there had been no people living there at all. 5. Fred said that he would go skiing on Sunday if he had time. 6. He said that they had finished building that house only the week before. 7. Mary said that it would be very pleasant when Tom came home. 8. My friend said that he would do it at once if I liked. 9. She said that her brother had been there that day. 10. He said that it was a pity I hadn"t come earlier. 11. The teacher told the pupils that there would be an interesting lecture at the school assembly hall the next day. She added that one of their teachers would speak about Charles Dickens. 12. Helen said that the year before she had spent her summer vacation in the Caucasus. 13. The man said that he had come to live in that town several years before. 14. Grandmother told us that she would be reading us a story until it was time to go to bed. 15. My brother said that he had read all about it in that day"s newspaper.

Упражнение 6

1. 1. I told my grandmother to listen very carefully, when her turn came, to what the doctor told her. 2. The laboratory assistant told me that if I was in a hurry, we should only do the first experiment. 3. The writer told the correspondent that he would not start anything new until he had finished that novel. 4. The boy"s father told him that when he got a job, he would buy him a warm coat. 5. My mother told me that if I spilled the milk, there would not be any for the cat. 6. She told me that she would show me her new dress when I came to see her on Sunday. 7. Jane told Henry to bring Mary to their house if she arrived before seven. 8. The PT teacher told the pupils not to wait until he came and to begin playing volleyball as soon as they finished the exercises. 9. Mary told her mother to ask Robert, as soon as he appeared, where he had put the dictionary.

Упражнение7

1. 1. I shall go to see the doctor tomorrow. 2. I am ill. 3. I have fallen ill. 4. Tom did not come to school yesterday. 5. You may catch cold. 6. I have caught cold. 7. While crossing the English Channel we stayed on deck all the time. 8. I felt sick when crossing the Channel. 9. I am feeling bad today. 10. I have pain in my right side. 11. I have just been examined by a good doctor. 12. I shall not come to school until Monday. 13. I spent a month at a health resort. 14. My health has greatly improved since then.

Упражнение 8

1.Mother wanted to know who had brought that parcel. 2. He asked her where she usually spent her summer holidays. 3. Ann wondered when Mike had left London. 4. She asked Boris when he would be back home. 5. Boris asked them how he could get to the railway station. 6. Mary was interested what time Tom would come there the next day. 7. She asked me why I had not come there the day before. 8. She wanted to know what I should do the next day if I was not busy at my office. 9. I asked Nick where he was going. 10. I asked him how long he was going to stay there. 11. I wanted to know how long it would take him to get there. 12. Pete asked his friends when they were leaving St. Petersburg. 13. He asked them who they would see before they left there. 14. They asked him what time the train started. 15. I asked Mike what he would do after dinner. 16. I asked my uncle how long he had stayed in the Crimea. 17. Ada asked me where I had seen such trees. 18. I asked Becky what kind of book her friend had brought her.

Упражнение9

I forgot where I had put the book. 2. She wanted to know who had given me that nice kitten. 3. He asked me where he could buy an English-Russian dictionary. 4. He wondered how long it would take my brother to get to Madrid. 5. He didn"t tell anybody where he was going. 6. Did you know where he had gone? 7. Did you know where he was? 8. I wanted to know when he was leaving school. 9. Nobody knew where he lived. 10. She asked them when he would come back. 11. He wanted to know where she had bought that hat. 12. I had no idea how much she had paid for it.

Упражнение 10

1. I asked Mike if he had packed his suitcase. 2. I asked Kate if somebody had met her at the station. 3. I asked her if she could give me their address. 4. I wanted to know if Tom had had breakfast. 5. I wondered if my sister would stay at home or go for a walk after dinner. 6. I asked my mother whether somebody had come to see me. 7. I asked my sister whether Nick would call for her on the way to school. 8. She asked the young man if he could call a taxi for her. 9. Mary asked Peter if he had shown his photo to Dick. 10. Oleg asked me if I should come there the next day. 11. He asked us if we had gone to the museum that morning. 12. I asked Boris if his friend lived in London. 13. I asked the man whether he was living in a hotel. 14. Nick asked his friend if he would stay at the Hilton. 15. He asked me whether I often went to see my friends. 16. He asked me if I should see my friends before I left St. Petersburg. 17. Mike wondered if Jane would come to the railway station to see him off. 18. She wanted to know whether I had sent them a telegram. 19. She asked me if I had sent them a telegram the day before.

Рецензенты:

канд. филол. наук, доцент ОмА МВД России В.Г. Болотюк, ст. препод. каф. английского языка О.В. Гоголь

К710 Косвенная речь в английском языке: сб. трениро-

вочных упражнений по практической грамматике: для студентов I курса факультета иностранных языков / сост.: Д.Ю. Малетина, О.А. Никитина, Р.Р. Фазмутдинова.

– Омск: Изд-во ОмГУ, 2005. – 60 с.

ISBN 5-7779-0589-7

Сборник грамматических тренировочных заданий составлен на основе аутентичных источников, включающих материал английских и американских учебников, подготовлен с учетом требований учебной программы по курсу «Практическая грамматика английского языка».

Цель издания – помочь изучающим английский язык ознакомиться с грамматическим явлением «Косвенная речь» и отработать его на практике.

Сборник предназначен для студентов I курса факультета иностранных языков и может быть использован в группах с разным уровнем подготовленности.

ПРЕДИСЛОВИЕ

Предлагаемое учебное издание представляет собой сборник грамматических тренировочных упражнений.

Сборник упражнений составлен в соответствии с учебной программой по курсу «Практическая грамматика английского языка» и прежде всего предназначен для студентов I курса факультета иностранных языков, однако также может быть рекомендован студентам других факультетов, изучающим английский язык как основную специальность.

Сборник состоит из двух разделов:

1. Теоретическая часть (базовые правила по теме «Косвенная речь»).

2. Практическая часть (упражнения, направленные на отработку, закрепление и употребление в речи грамматических структур по данной теме).

Большая часть теоретического раздела представлена в таблицах, что способствует лучшему усвоению и запоминанию материала.

Задания из второй части сборника включают в себя проверочные и тренировочные упражнения, выстроенные по принципу нарастания сложности:

– подстановочные упражнения,

– трансформационные упражнения,

– упражнения на исправление ошибок,

– упражнения на грамотное завершение предложений,

– упражнения на правильное соединение начала и конца предложений,

– упражнения на перевод с русского языка на английский, а также с английского на русский,

– пересказ диалогов из оригинальных текстов в косвенной

Разнообразие упражнений позволяет использовать пособие

в группах разного уровня подготовленности, а также осуществлять разные формы работы со студентами.

При работе с упражнениями по теме «Косвенная речь» возможна отработка и некоторых других грамматических явлений, тесно связанных с использованием прямой речи.

Данный сборник тренировочных упражнений можно использовать в качестве дополнительного пособия в сочетании с другими, основными учебниками по грамматике английского языка.

PART I. RULES OF REPORTING

1. REPORTING STATEMENTS

When the statement in direct speech is converted into reported speech the following rules must be observed:

♦ If the verb to say introducing the indirect statement is followed by an object, use the preposition to (to say to smb.), though the expression to tell smb . is more preferable in this case.


Tom said, “I"m awfully tired.”	Tom said that he was awfully tired.
Tom said to Bob, “I"m awfully	Tom said to Bob that he was awfully

	Or: Tom told Bob that he was aw-

To say is usually used without an object to introduce the subordinate clause while to tell is followed by a direct object. Compare:

¾ She told me that she would be late.

¾ She said that she would be late.

The verb to tell can be a part of set expressions where a direct object can be omitted: to tell (somebody) a lie; to tell (somebody) a story; to tell fortunes (= to say what will happen to somebody in the future).

♦ No inverted commas are used in the reported statements.

♦ All personal and possessive pronouns are changed according to the person referring to the speaker.

♦ So and such are replaced by very, exceedingly etc. In exclamatory sentences:


She said, “Jane plays the pi-	She said Jane played the piano very

She said, “Jane is such a	She said Jane was an exceedingly
good pianist!”	(very) good pianist.

♦ The rules of the sequence of tenses are observed in the reported statements:


The Present Indefinite	The Past Indefinite
“I like peaches.”	He said he liked peaches.
The Present Continuous	The Past Continuous
“Is it raining?”	He asked if it was raining.
The Past I ndefinite	The Pas t Perfect
“I didn"t recognize you.”	She explained that she hadn"t recognized

The Present Perfect	The Past Perfect
“You"ve annoyed the dog.”	I told her she had annoyed the dog.
The Past Continuous	The Past Continuous or the Past Perfect
“I was joking about the	Continuous : He said he was joking (or:
	he had been joking) about the price.
The Past Perfect	The Past Perfect
“I hadn"t seen her before.”	You said you hadn"t seen her before that

The Future Indefinite	The Future-Indefinite-in-the-Past
“We"ll be late.”	I was afraid we should (would) be late.

♦ If the time or the place of the events described in the direct statement has changed, replace the demonstrative pronouns and the adverbs of time and place in the following way:



	that day, at the time

the day after tomorrow	two days later, in two days" time
	the day before, on the previous day
the day before yesterday

	the next year, the following year
	the previous week/year




	the other/previous night

Note : In the sentences like: I said, “I"ll be here tomorrow.” (Я ска-

зал: «Я буду здесь завтра».) the adverbs here and tomorrow may stay unchanged if the statement is reported on the same day and at the same place: I said I would be here tomorrow. Notice that it is also correct to change the adverbs according to the rule mentioned above: I said I"d be there the following day.

♦ If the statement consists of a few clauses referring to the past, only the verb of the first clause is used in Past Perfect.


John: Tom has done all his	John said that Tom had done all
homework. He did it before go-	his homework. He did it before
ing to the concert.	going to the concert.

2. QUESTIONS IN REPORTED SPEECH

Word order in a reported question is the same as in a statement. ♦ A reported general question is introduced by the conjunc-

tion if or whether (before which there is no comma!):


Robert: Does it often rain in your	Robert asked if it often rained in
part of the country?	their part of the country.
Helen: Have you seen this film	Helen wanted to know if Peter
	had already seen that film.

♦ A reported special question is introduced by the same adverb or pronoun that introduces a direct question:


Tom said to the boys, “Who has	Tom asked the boys who had
tickets for “Hamlet?”	tickets for “Hamlet.”
John: Why are you late, Mary?	John wanted to know why Mary

♦ If a direct question to the subject contains the link verb to be, the direct order of words is not always strictly observed:

¾ Robert said,	Robert asked Bob	what his telephone number

		what was his telephone

In set expressions like “What"s the time?”, “What"s the matter?”, “What"s the news!” inverted word order doesn"t change in reported speech.

♦ Reported questions are generally introduced by the following verbs and word combinations: to question; to inquire (more official than to “ask”); to want to know; I wonder; I"d like to know; Can you tell me and etc.

Short answers in reported speech

Short answers are converted into reported speech by repeating of the auxiliary or modal verb that a direct short answer contains. An auxiliary verb changes according to the rules of the sequence of tenses.


	Frank: Has it stopped raining,	Frank asked Polly if it had
	Frank: Has it stopped raining,	stopped raining and she said it
	yet? Polly: Yes.	stopped raining and she said it
	yet? Polly: Yes.

	Mary: Does John ever come to	Mary asked Bob if John ever
	Mary: Does John ever come to	came to see him and Bob said he
	see you? Bob: Never.	came to see him and Bob said he
	see you? Bob: Never.

	Bob: Are you very tired, Mary?	Bob asked Mary if she was tired
		and Mary answered she wasn"t.

Reporting elliptical sentences

If some parts of the sentence are missing, they should be restored according to the situation in the reported speech.


Mrs. Armstrong: I say, Peter. Do	Mrs. Armstrong told her hus-
	band sensational news. She
know the latest sensation? The	said the Browns were applying

are applying for a divorce.	Mr. Armstrong was very much
Mr. Armstrong: Sounds incredi-	surprised and said it sounded
	incredible, for the Browns had
seemed so attached to each other.	seemed very attached to each

Mrs. Armstrong: Never expected	His wife said she had never
	expected it herself.
Nick: Feeling out of sorts?	Nick asked Michael why he
Michael: Rather.	was feeling out of sorts.
Nick: Private trouble?	Michael said it was because of
Michael: Yes, the children are	the children. They were getting
getting unmanageable.

3. REPORTED ORDERS AND REQUESTS

An order or a request in reported speech is expressed by an infinitive; in a negative sentence the particle to precedes the infinitive.

Orders and requests are introduced into reported speech with the help of one of the following verbs: to tell, to order, to command, to ask, to request, to beg and others. The choice of the verb is determined by the character of the order (request).

♦ The verb most commonly used to introduce reported orders is the verb to tell: the verb to order is frequently used, occasionally also the verb to command. The verb to tell corresponds to the Russian сказать, чтобы and велеть; to order and to command correspond to

приказать.

♦ The verb to request is used in official style, chiefly in the Passive Voice. It is best rendered in Russian by предложить. The verb to request introduces rather a veiled order than a request.

♦ Unemotional requests are usually introduced by the verb to

♦ The verb to beg introduces a request somewhat more emo-

♦ Emotional (emphatic) requests are introduced by the verbs to implore, to entreat, to beseech (умолять).

♦ The verb to urge introduces a request made with great insis-


The doctor said to the patient,	The doctor told the patient to
“Keep the bed for some days.”	keep the bed for some days.
Peter said to Mary, “Would you	Peter asked Mary to ring him up
mind ringing me up at nine?”
The lieutenant said to the soldiers,	The lieutenant ordered (com-
“Get ready for the march.”	manded) his men to get ready for

The teacher said to the pupils,	The teacher told his pupils not to
“Don"t talk.”

He said to me, “Let"s go to the	He invited me to go to the pic-

Betty said to her friend, “Do stay	Betty begged her friend to stay
with us a little longer.”	with them a little longer.
Eliza said to the stranger, “Do	Eliza implored the stranger to
save my child!”
The mother said to her son, “Do	The mother urged her son to
take care of yourself!”	take care of himself.

4. CONVERSATIONAL PATTERNS

IN REPORTED SPEECH

Greetings and Saying Good-by

To report greetings and saying good-by the following phrases are used:


Не greeted them,	He said good-bye to…
They greeted each other	He bade them good-bye...
He welcomed them.	He took his leave.
	He took leave of...
	He wished them good night.

The following phrases used in greetings and saying good-by (It "s good to see you; See you soon; Very good of you to come and etc.) may not be reported at all.


“Hello, Тоm.”		Tom and Jack greeted each other.
“Hello, Jack.”
“Happy to see you at my place,		Betty welcomed Mary saying that
Mary,” Betty said.		she was happy to see her at her

Tom called, “Good night, Mary,”		Tom wished Mary good night as
as he went down the steps.		he went down the steps.

He said, “Good-bye, Helen.”	He said good-bye to Helen.
	He bade Helen good-bye.
	He took leave of Helen.
	He took his leave.

To report someone"s words used to introduce a person to another one the verb “to introduce” is used:


Mary: Mother, this is	Mary introduced Mr. Prinston to

To report someone"s words used in response to someone"s invitation the following phrases are used: he readily accepted the invitation; said he "d come most willingly; said she would be happy to…; declined the invitation and etc.:

Mr. Jackson: Come and have lunch with us on Sunday.

Mr. Black: I"d love to. Thank you very much.

Mrs. Parker: Can you come to dinner tomorrow? Mr. Eden: I"m sorry I can"t. I"m leaving tonight.

Mr. Jackson invited Mr. Black to lunch on Sunday and Mr. Black readily accepted the invitation.

Mrs. Parker invited Mr. Eden to dinner but he declined the invita- tion, as he was leaving that night.

To report expressions of gratitude the following phrases are

¾ Не thanked them for... – Он поблагодарил их за...

¾ Не said he was much obliged to him for... – Он сказал, что был очень обязан ему за…

¾ Не expressed his gratitude to him for... – Он выразил свою благодарность ему за...

¾ Не said he was grateful to him for... – Он сказал, что был очень благодарен ему за..

Words used in response to expressions of gratitude may not be reported at all:


Dick: Thanks for helping me with	Dick thanked Tom for helping
	him with the bike.
Tom: Oh, that"s all right.
Mr. Jackson: Thank you ever so	Mr. Jackson expressed his grati-
much for your timely assistance.	tude to Mr. Brown for his timely
It saved me a lot of trouble.	assistance which had saved him a
Mr. Brown: Oh, not at all. It was a
real pleasure to be of help.	Mr. Brown said it had been a real
	pleasure to be of help.

Apologies and Excuses

To report apologies and responses to them the following phrases are used: Не begged his pardon; He apologized to them for; She asked him to excuse her; He said it was all right:


Dick: Sorry for interrupting you.	Dick begged Mrs. Parker"s par-
Mrs. Parker: That"s all right. We	don for interrupting her and she
were just having a chat.	said it was all right. Dick apolo-
Dick: I"m sorry. I"m late.	gized for being late.
Bob: Excuse my rudeness. I didn"t	Bob asked Mr. Black to forgive
mean to hurt you.	his rudeness but Mr. Black was
Mr. Black: How could you be so	too much hurt to forgive him.
rude! It"s really unforgivable.

Offers and advice are rendered in reported speech with the help of the following verbs: to suggest, to offer, to advise.

The verbs “to suggest” and “to offer” are a little different in meaning, which is reflected in the corresponding sentence structures. “То offer” is used when the speaker is willing to fulfill an action by himself: Не offered to see Mary home. Besides, “to offer” is used when they tell about something material: a cup of tea, a cigarette etc. “To suggest” is used when they tell about some idea, advice.


Nick: Let"s walk home, Mary.	Nick suggested to Mary that
	they should walk home.
Tom: What about going to the	Tom suggested going to the

Mary: You"d better stay at home,
	he should stay at home.


Mary: Have a cup of tea, Bob.	Mary offered Bob a cup of tea.
Tom: I can fix that radio of yours	Tom offered to fix the radio.

The verb “to offer” is always followed by the infinitive, while the verb “to suggest” is used only in the following patterns:

was against it objected to doing it said she didn"t mind said she would not

In response to offers in the reported speech the following

phrases can be used:


¾ He	¾ He	strongly objected to his

		refused point blank.
		said he had better not.
		said he needn"t.

To decline an offer sounds more polite than to turn down and to reject an offer; said he had better not…and said he needn"t… are typical to the spoken language, which is less formal.


Mr. Smith: I can drive you home	Mr. Smith offered to drive Ben
in my car, Ben. Ben: It"s very	home in his car and Ben will-
	ingly accepted the offer (but Ben
Ben: Oh, no, thanks a lot.	refused point blank).

Expressions of Surprise, Joy, Rapture

and Other Emotions in Reported Speech

said with surprise (amazement)...

said in surprise...

He expressed his surprise (amazement) at the news.

was surprised (amazed) to hear...

was surprised (amazed) at hearing…



Peter: Believe me or not! Paul	Peter told Nelly that Paul had won
won the European boxing title.	the European boxing title. Nelly
Nelly: You don"t say so! Who	was surprised to hear it (or: at
would have expected it of such a	hearing that) and said she would
	never have expected it of him.

¾ Не was delighted at their coming.

their having done it.

¾ He was delighted

¾ He expressed his joy (delight) at

to hear the news.

to hear that they...

the news. their coming.

their having done it.

¾ He said joyfully (with joy) that…

expressed his admiration of...


Mrs. Parker: I"m so happy! My	Mrs. Parker told Mrs. Green joy-
daughter has entered the Univer-	fully (with joy) that her daughter
	had entered the University.
Mrs. Green: Such joy! I"m de-	Mrs. Green was delighted to hear
lighted to hear that.	the news (at the news).

Regret, Consolation, Sympathy

being unable to do it. ¾ He regretted having said it.

that he had said it.

¾ He sympathized with…

expressed his sympathy with…


Bob: I"m so sorry I can"t attend		Bob regretted being unable to
		attend the conference.
		Bob regretted that he was un-
		able to attend the conference.
Mike: I"ll have to be operated on.	Mike was nervous about the com-
There"s no getting away from it.	ing operation, and Peter sympa-
I"m awfully nervous about it.	thized with him.
Peter: I"m so sorry for you.

Irritation, Indignation, Offence

was annoyed (irritated) with him, at his words. expressed his annoyance (irritation) with her because of her conduct.

was angry (indignant) with him, at the news. ¾ He said (cried) in anger (in indignation) that…

resented their criticism (interference). said resentfully that…

said in a resentful tone that…

Mr. Sievers: I"ve been waiting for Peter for an hour. How very annoying! I wonder if he will come at all.

The professor: How dare you talk like this to me!

1. Mr. Sievers expressed his annoyance (anger) with Peter for being late.

2. Mr. Sievers was annoyed (angry) with Peter for being late.

3. Mr. Sievers cried in anger (in an angry voice) that Peter had kept him waiting.

1. The professor was angry at the way the students spoke to him and said so.

2. The professor got angry with the students for the way they spoke to him.

3. The professor resented the way the students spoke to him.

¾ Не expressed his grief at the news.

¾ Не was filled with despair at...

¾ He cried in despair that...


Helen: Such a pity Bob is out. I	1. Helen was disappointed at
rather hoped to find him in and	not finding Bob in. She had
talk the matter over.	hoped to talk the matter over

	2. Helen expressed her disap-
	pointment at not finding Bob at

5. MODAL VERBS IN REPORTED SPEECH

When the sentences with modal verbs are converted into reported speech, modal verbs undergo the following changes:

Must , as a rule, remains unchanged in reported speech if it expresses advice (order) or a supposition bordering on assurance (должно быть).

Must is generally replaced by had to if it expresses necessity arising out of circumstances.


She said to him, “You must be	She told him he must be more
more careful.” (advice)
She said, “You must be very	She said he must be very fond of
fond of music if you go to con-	music if he went to concerts so
certs so often.” (supposition)
She said, “I must get up early	She said she had to get up early
every morning.”

When sentences containing the Subjunctive Mood are converted into reported speech, the form of the verb usually remains unchanged.

♦ However, there is a case when the rule of the sequence of tenses is observed: if we have the analytical subjunctive with the mood auxiliary may , may is changed into might if the verb in the principal clause stands in a past tense.


“I would be discharged if I were		She said that she would be dis-
		charged if she were seen talking
seen speaking to you.”

	“It is true I drink, but I wouldn"t			He admitted that he drank, but
				said he wouldn "t have taken to

	have taken to that if things had
				that if things had gone differ-
	gone differently.”


	“I think cheerfulness is a fortune			She thought cheerfulness was a
				fortune in itself. She wished she
	in itself. I wish I had it.”
				had it.

	“Oh, how I wish I had never			She said she wished she had
	seen him!”			never seen him.
	“I suggest that we should have a			She suggested that they should
				have a rest.
	“I insist that you go there imme-			He insisted that we go there

	“The boys will think none the			He said that the boys would
	worse of you whatever you may			think none the worse of him
	have done .”			whatever he might have done .

7. VERBS USED TO CONVERT STATEMENTS

INTO REPORTED SPEECH (Except “say”, “tell”, “ask” )

♦ To announce (объявлять, заявлять, и звещать) is used when something is spoken in public, especially for the first time:

He announced that the conference would be postponed.

♦ То declare (объ являть, заявлять, провозглашать) is more formal than to announce . The statement with this verb sounds more solemn:

The strikers declared they would not give in.

♦ То inform (сообщать, информировать) reports statements, especially news:

Не informed us that the time-table had been changed.

♦ То remark (отмечать, замечать, высказываться) is used to report remarks:

Не remarked that he did not like jazz music.

♦ То state (заявлять, сообщать, из лагать, формулировать)

Пример: She said to me, “Open the window!” – She told me to open the window.

My mother said to me, “Put on your coat!”
My friend said to us, “Don’t come today.”
He said to Mary, “Don’t forget to send me an e-mail.”
Karrie said to me, “Call me tomorrow.”
She said to me, “Don’t shout at me!”

Задание 2. Заполните пропуски словами say и tell в нужной форме.

I…………her that she was my only friend.
Did he…………he would stay in New York?
She…………that she was going to invite me.
They didn’t…………us they were ill.
She…………she didn’t play the piano.

Задание 3. Переведите вопросительные предложения из прямой речи в косвенную.

Пример: He asked me, “Do you know my sister?” – He asked me if I knew his sister.

She asked John, “When are you going to come?”
He asked her, “Who is your favourite actor?”
A man asked me, “Do you have a car?”
My father asked me, “Where were you yesterday?”
Helen asked him, “Will you be at home?”

Задание 4. Переведите из прямой речи в косвенную предложения с модальными глаголами.

He said, “I can drive a car.”
She said to me, “You ought to call her.”
She said, “He must stay here.”
They said to me, “You should drive more carefully.”

Задание 5. Заполните пропуски.

”He came yesterday.” She said that he had come……………
“My parents will arrive today.” He said that his parents would arrive……………
“I will contact you tomorrow.” He said he would contact me………………
“I was there the day before yesterday.” She said she was there………………

Ответы с пояснениями

Задание 1.

My mother told me to put on my coat.
Если прямая речь выражает приказание, то глагол to say меняется на глагол to tell . Повелительное наклонение заменяется в косвенной речи инфинитивом (глагол с частицей to ).
My friend told us not to come that day.
Если прямая речь выражает приказание, то глагол to say меняется на глагол to tell . Отрицательная форма повелительного наклонения заменяется инфинитивом с частицей not . Today меняется на that day .
He told Mary not to forget to send him an e-mail.
Если прямая речь выражает приказание, то глагол to say меняется на глагол to tell . Отрицательная форма повелительного наклонения заменяется инфинитивом с частицей not .
Karrie told me to call her the next day.
Если прямая речь выражает приказание, то глагол to say меняется на глагол to tell . Повелительное наклонение заменяется в косвенной речи инфинитивом (глагол с частицей to ). Tomorrow меняется на the next day .
She told me not to shout at her.
Если прямая речь выражает приказание, то глагол to say меняется на глагол to tell . Отрицательная форма повелительного наклонения заменяется инфинитивом с частицей not .

Задание 2.

После глагола to tell всегда следует косвенное дополнение, обозначающее лицо, к которому обращена просьба или приказание – told her .

Косвенного дополнения, обозначающего лицо, к которому обращена просьба или приказание, нет. Поэтому употребление глагола to tell исключено.

После глагола to tell всегда следует косвенное дополнение, обозначающее лицо, к которому обращена просьба или приказание – tell us .

Задание 3.

She asked John when he was going to come.
Present Simple меняется на Past Simple (are going –> was going). Вопросительный порядок слов заменяется порядком слов повествовательного предложения.
He asked her who was her favourite actor.
Present Simple меняется на Past Simple (is –> was). В этом предложении “Who is your favourite actor?” вопросительного порядка слов нет изначально, так как это вопрос к подлежащему. В косвенной речи также сохраняется порядок слов повествовательного предложения.
A man asked me if I had a car.
Present Simple меняется на Past Simple (have –> had). Общие вопросы переводятся в косвенную речь при помощи союзов if/whether . Вопросительный порядок слов заменяется порядком слов повествовательного предложения.
My father asked me where I had been the day before.
Past Simple меняется на Past Perfect (were –> had been). Вопросительный порядок слов заменяется порядком слов повествовательного предложения. Yesterday меняется на the day before .
Helen asked him if he would be at home.
Future Simple меняется на Future in the Past (will be –> would be). Общие вопросы переводятся в косвенную речь при помощи союзов if/whether . Вопросительный порядок слов заменяется порядком слов повествовательного предложения.

Задание 4.

He said that he could drive a car.
В косвенной речи can меняется на could .
She told me that I ought to call her.
Если после to say имеется дополнение, обозначающее лицо, к которому обращаются с речью (to me), то say заменяется tell . Глагол ought в косвенной речи не изменяется .

Чтобы понять, что такое косвенная речь в английской грамматике, нужно разобраться для начала с тем, что собой представляет прямая речь.

Прямая речь — это фраза какого-либо субъекта, она звучит непосредственно из первых уст и заключается письменно в кавычки

Прямая речь представляет собой отдельное предложение, поэтому после того как открываем кавычки, первое слово пишем с прописной буквы. В английском языке после слов, указывающих кто говорит, ставится запятая. В то время как в русском мы ставим двоеточие:

Он сказал: «Я верну твою книгу завтра».

He said, «I will return your book tomorrow.»

Косвенная речь является способом передачи слов, сказанных другим человеком, при этом передающий преобразует чужие слова грамматически и по смыслу, чтобы было понятно, кому они принадлежат, сохраняя при этом общее содержание сказанного.

Он сказал, что вернет мою книгу на следующий день.

He said that he would return my book the next day. Секреты английской косвенной речи

Косвенная речь — преобразованная прямая

В повествовательных предложениях английского языка происходит ряд изменении при превращении прямой речи в косвенную:

После слов, которые вводят фразу автора, запятая уже не ставится
После вводных слов ставится союз that (что), иногда можно обойтись без него
Если в вводных словах есть глагол to say (сказать), он заменяется на to tell (сказать), если после него следует дополнение, указывающее кому фраза адресуется

Следующая таблица с наглядными примерами поможет понять правила, что перечислены выше.

Главные предложения — это именно те вводные слова, такие как «Люк сказал», «она утверждает», «родители ответили» и т. д. Они сохраняют свою временную форму:

Present Indefinite (Настоящее Простое)
Present Perfect (Настоящее Совершенное)
Future Indefinite (Будущее Простое), даже будучи частью косвенной речи

Таблица с примерами опять же поможет вам уяснить данное правило

Постепенно мы подошли к важному моменту грамматики, который необходимо разобрать для понимания, как образуется косвенная речь в английском языке. Я имею виду правила согласования времен английского языка в косвенной речи. Следующая таблица передает принцип перехода времен (в верхней колонке — время, которое используется в прямой речи, в нижней колонке — время, которое нужно использовать в косвенной).

На примерах рассмотрим, как может измениться время при преобразовании речи.

Present Simple (Настоящее простое) -> Past Simple (Прошедшее Простое)
- Nick said, «I learn English.» — Ник сказал: «Я учу английский.»
- Nick said that he learnt English. — Ник сказал, что он учит английский
Present Progressive (Настоящее Длительное) -> Past Progressive (Прошедшее Длительное)
- Leonardo said, «I am reading the book now.» — Леонардо сказал: «Я читаю книгу сейчас.»
- Leonardo said that he was reading the book then. — Леонардо сказал, что он читает книгу сейчас
Present Perfect (Настоящее Совершенное) -> Past Perfect (Прошедшее Совершенное)
- Angelina said, «I have seen him this morning.» — Анжелина сказала: «Я видела его этим утром.»
- Angelina said that she had seen him that morning. — Анжелина сказала, что она видела его этим утром
Past Progressive (Прошедшее Длительное) -> Past Progressive / Past Perfect Progressive (Прошедшее Совершенное Длительное)
- Robert said, «I was swimming.» — Роберт сказал: «Я плавал.»
- Robert said that he was swimming. — Роберт сказал, что он плавал.
- Robert said that he had been swimming. — Роберт сказал, что он плавал
Past Simple (Прошедшее Простое) -> Past Perfect (Прошедшее Совершенное)
- Nina said, «I wrote the letters.» — Нина сказала: «Я писала письма.»
- Nina said that she had written the letters. — Нина сказала, что она писала письма
Future Simple (Будущее Простое) -> Future in the Past (Будущее в Прошедшем)
- Kate said, «I will find the solution of this problem." — Кейт сказала: «Я найду решение этой проблемы.»
- Kate said that she would find the solution of this problem. — Кейт сказала, что найдет решение этой проблемы

Английская грамматика строго регламентирует употребление нужных в том или ином случае временных форм. Дело в том, что каждая из них имеет свои особенности, через которые очевидна информация о периоде совершения действия. При переводе на русский язык, эти тонкости не так ощутимы, ввиду того, что русская грамматика отлична от английской.

Необходимые модификации в вопросительных и повелительных предложениях

Косвенный вопрос отличается от обычного вопроса:
- Имеет прямой порядок слов, то есть структуру подобную повествовательному предложению
- Не требует вопросительного знака
- Не нуждается в Present Simple и Past Simple во вспомогательном глаголе to do , который заменяется на if (ли)
  - Daniel said, «Do you want to walk?" — Даниил сказал: «Ты хочешь погулять?»
  - Daniel asked if I want to walk. — Даниил спросил, хочу ли я погулять
- Правила согласования времен между главным и придаточным предложением остаются таким же, как и в повествовательного типа предложениях
- Специальные вопросительные слова по-прежнему остаются в косвенной речи, помогая создать связь между главным и придаточным предложениями.
  - Bob asked me, «When did you meet her?» — Боб спросил: «Когда ты видел её?»
  - Bob asked me when I had met her. — Боб спросил, когда я её видел
Косвенные просьбы и приказания:
- Используются такие вводные глаголы
  Для просьб:
  - to ask — просить
  - to beg — просить
  - to implore — умолять
  Для приказаний :
  - to tell — сказать, велеть, приказать
  - to order — приказывать
  - to allow — разрешать
- После вводной части следует инфинитивная конструкция
  To + глагол
  Просьба :
  - Lisa says, «Be attentive, please!» — Лиза говорит: «Будь внимателен, пожалуйста!»
  - Lisa asks to be attentive. — Лиза попросит быть внимательным.
  Приказание:
  - Jack says, «Learn English!» — Джек говорит: «Учи английский!»
  - Jack tells to learn English. — Джек велит учить английский.
- Если нужна отрицательная форма повелительного наклонения, следует перед инфинитивной конструкцией поставить частицу -not
  - Kim says, «Don"t talk so loudly!» — Ким говорит: «Не говори так громко!»
  - Kim orders not to talk so loudly. — Ким приказывает не говорить так громко

Проверочные упражнения